Advantages and disadvantages of steam systems

Benefits

Smaller mass flow rate for same quantity of heat transferred (by factor 10 – 50)
No circulating pumps required
Smaller pipe cross-sections
Possibility of very fast uniform heating-up at heat consumers
Fast and precise temperature control possible by adjusting steam pressure
Large amounts of energy can be released at a constant temperature
Very high heat transfer coefficient during condensation. This leads to smaller heat exchanger surfaces and reduced system costs for generation of process heat
Suitable for heating up products directly (e.g. food, autoclaves)
System can easily be extended in a modular fashion
Uncritical response in the event of leaks at gaskets or valves

Disadvantages

Qualified personnel required for operation (Requirements for heating systems ≤110°C are less exacting)
Continuous water treatment required

Benefits

Smaller mass flow rate for same quantity of heat transferred (by factor 20 – 80)
No circulating pumps required
Significantly better thermal transfer characteristics of steam
The heat transfer oils of thermal oil systems are harmful to the environment and therefore:
- Use of safety heat exchangers is required
- Spill troughs equipped with leak detection systems are required at all joints
- Special shaft seals are required at pumps and valves
Heat transfer oils are a fire hazard
Lower operating costs for the process heat, especially because a high efficiency and degree of utilisation can be achieved

Disadvantages

Not suitable for cooling
Heating temperatures ≤230°C (saturated steam systems) or ≤300°C (superheated steam systems)