Expansion steam Expansion steam

Example:
If the pressure is reduced from 20 to 10 bar, an expansion steam quantity of 6.86% is generated.

Water vapour table

Physical characteristics for water and steam according to IAPWS IF-97

     

Enthalpy

Density

Positive
pressure

Absolute
pressure

Boiling
temperature

Water

Saturated
steam

Evaporation

Water

Saturated
steam

p
[barg]

p
[bara]

t
[°C]

h'
[kJ/kg]

h''
[kJ/kg]

r
[kJ/kg]

ρ'
[kg/m³]

ρ''
[kg/m³]

– 0.9

0.1

45.8

191.8

2,583.9

2,392.1

989.8

0.0682

– 0.8

0.2

60.1

251.4

2,608.9

2,357.5

983.1

0.1308

– 0.7

0.3

69.1

289.2

2,624.6

2,335.3

978.3

0.1913

– 0.6

0.4

75.9

317.6

2,636.1

2,318.5

974.3

0.2504

– 0.5

0.5

81.3

340.5

2,645.2

2,304.7

971.0

0.3086

– 0.4

0.6

85.9

359.8

2,652.9

2,293.0

968.0

0.3661

– 0.3

0.7

89.9

376.7

2,659.4

2,282.7

965.4

0.4229

– 0.2

0.8

93.5

391.6

2,665.2

2,273.5

962.9

0.4791

– 0.1

0.9

96.7

405.1

2,670.3

2,265.2

960.7

0.5349

0.0

1.0

99.6

417.4

2,674.9

2,257.5

958.6

0.5903

0.1

1.1

102.3

428.8

2,679.2

2,250.4

956.7

0.6453

0.2

1.2

104.8

439.3

2,683.1

2,243.8

954.9

0.7001

0.3

1.3

107.1

449.1

2,686.6

2,237.5

953.1

0.7545

0.4

1.4

109.3

458.4

2,690.0

2,231.6

951.5

0.8086

0.5

1.5

111.4

467.1

2,693.1

2,226.0

949.9

0.8625

0.6

1.6

113.3

475.3

2,696.0

2,220.7

948.4

0.9162

0.7

1.7

115.1

483.2

2,698.8

2,215.6

947.0

0.9697

0.8

1.8

116.9

490.7

2,701.4

2,210.7

945.6

1.0230

0.9

1.9

118.6

497.8

2,703.9

2,206.1

944.2

1.0761

1.0

2.0

120.2

504.7

2,706.2

2,201.6

942.9

1.1290

1.5

2.5

127.4

535.4

2,716.5

2,181.2

937.0

1.3914

2.0

3.0

133.5

561.5

2,724.9

2,163.4

931.8

1.6507

2.5

3.5

138.9

584.3

2,732.0

2,147.7

927.1

1.9077

3.0

4.0

143.6

604.7

2,738.1

2,133.3

922.9

2.1627

3.5

4.5

147.9

623.2

2,743.4

2,120.2

919.0

2.4160

4.0

5.0

151.8

640.2

2,748.1

2,107.9

915.3

2.6681

4.5

5.5

155.5

655.9

2,752.3

2,096.5

911.8

2.9189

5.0

6.0

158.8

670.5

2,756.1

2,085.6

908.6

3.1688

6.0

7.0

165.0

697.1

2,762.7

2,065.6

902.6

3.6662

7.0

8.0

170.4

721.0

2,768.3

2,047.3

897.0

4.1610

8.0

9.0

175.4

742.7

2,773.0

2,030.3

891.9

4.6539

9.0

10.0

179.9

762.7

2,777.1

2,014.4

887.1

5,1454

10.0

11.0

184.1

781.2

2,780.7

1,999.5

882.6

5.6358

11.0

12.0

188.0

798.5

2,783.8

1,985.3

878.3

6.1256

12.0

13.0

191.6

814.8

2,786.5

1,971.7

874.3

6.6149

13.0

14.0

195.0

830.1

2,788.9

1,958.8

870.4

7.1039

14.0

15.0

198.3

844.7

2,791.0

1,946.3

866.6

7.5929

15.0

16.0

201.4

858.6

2,792.9

1,934.3

863.1

8.0820

16.0

17.0

204.3

871.9

2,794.5

1,922.6

859.6

8.5713

17.0

18.0

207.1

884.6

2,796.0

1,911.4

856.2

9.0611

18.0

19.0

209.8

896.8

2,797.3

1,900.4

853.0

9.5513

19,0

20,0

212,4

908,6

2,798,4

1,889,8

849,8

10,0421

20,0

21,0

214,9

920,0

2,799,4

1,879,4

846,7

10,5336

21,0

22,0

217,3

931,0

2,800,2

1,869,2

843,7

11,0259

22,0

23,0

219,6

941,6

2,800,9

1,859,3

840,8

11,5191

23,0

24,0

221,8

952,0

2,801,5

1,849,6

837,9

12,0132

24.0

25.0

224.0

962.0

2,802.0

1,840.1

835.1

12.5082

25.0

26.0

226.1

971.7

2,802.5

1,830.7

832.4

13.0044

26.0

27.0

228.1

981.2

2,802.8

1,821.5

829.7

13.5016

27.0

28.0

230.1

990.5

2,803.0

1,812.5

827.0

14.0000

28.0

29.0

232.0

999.5

2,803.2

1,803.6

824.4

14.4997

29.0

30.0

233.9

1,008.4

2,803.3

1,794.9

821.9

15.0006

30.0

31.0

235.7

1,017.0

2,803.3

1,786.3

819.4

15.5028

31.0

32.0

237.5

1,025.5

2,803.2

1,777.8

816.9

16.0064

32.0

33.0

239.2

1,033.7

2,803.1

1,769.4

814.5

16.5115

33.0

34.0

240.9

1,041.8

2,803.0

1,761.1

812.1

17.0180

34.0

35.0

242.6

1,049.8

2,802.7

1,753.0

809.7

17.5260

Physical characteristics for water and steam according to IAPWS IF-971)
1) Source: (2008). IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam. In: International Steam Tables. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

   

Dynamic viscosity

Heat conductivity

Positive
pressure

Boiling
point

Water

Saturated
steam

Water

Saturated
steam

p
[barg]

t
°C

ƞ'
[μPas]

ƞ''
[μPas]

λ'
[W/mK]

λ''
[W/mK]

– 0.9

45.8

587.5

10.49

0.6357

0.0199

– 0.8

60.1

465.9

10.94

0.6508

0.0211

– 0.7

69.1

408.9

11.23

0.6588

0.0219

– 0.6

75.9

373.5

11.45

0.6641

0.0225

– 0.5

81.3

348.6

11.64

0.6678

0.0230

– 0.4

85.9

329.7

11.79

0.6707

0.0234

– 0.3

89.9

314.7

11.93

0.6730

0.0238

– 0.2

93.5

302.3

12.05

0.6748

0.0241

– 0.1

96.7

291.9

12.16

0.6763

0.0245

0.0

99.6

282.9

12.26

0.6776

0.0248

0.1

102.3

275.1

12.35

0.6787

0.0250

0.2

104.8

268.2

12.43

0.6796

0.0253

0.3

107.1

262.0

12.51

0.6804

0.0255

0.4

109.3

256.4

12.59

0.6811

0.0258

0.5

111.4

251.4

12.66

0.6817

0.0260

0.6

113.3

246.8

12.73

0.6822

0.0262

0.7

115.1

242.5

12.79

0.6826

0.0264

0.8

116.9

238.6

12.85

0.6830

0.0266

0.9

118.6

235.0

12.91

0.6834

0.0268

1.0

120.2

231.6

12.96

0.6836

0.0270

1.5

127.4

217.5

13.21

0.6846

0.0278

2.0

133.5

206.8

13.42

0.6849

0.0286

2.5

138.9

198.3

13.61

0.6849

0.0293

3.0

143.6

191.2

13.77

0.6846

0.0299

3.5

147.9

185.2

13.92

0.6842

0.0305

4.0

151.8

180.1

14.05

0.6836

0.0310

4.5

155.5

175.5

14.18

0.6829

0.0316

5.0

158.8

171.6

14.30

0.6821

0.0320

6.0

165.0

164.7

14.51

0.6804

0.0330

7.0

170.4

159.1

14.70

0.6786

0.0338

8.0

175.4

154.3

14.87

0.6766

0.0346

9.0

179.9

150.2

15.02

0.6747

0.0354

10.0

184.1

146.6

15.17

0.6726

0.0361

11.0

188.0

143.4

15.30

0.6706

0.0368

12.0

191.6

140.5

15.43

0.6686

0.0375

13.0

195.0

137.9

15.54

0.6665

0.0381

14.0

198.3

135.5

15.66

0.6645

0.0388

15.0

201.4

133.3

15.76

0.6625

0.0394

16.0

204.3

131.3

15.86

0.6604

0.0400

17.0

207.1

129.5

15.96

0.6584

0.0405

18.0

209.8

127.7

16.05

0.6564

0.0411

19.0

212.4

126.1

16.14

0.6544

0.0416

20.0

214.9

124.6

16.23

0.6525

0.0422

21.0

217.3

123.1

16.31

0.6505

0.0427

22.0

219.6

121.8

16.40

0.6486

0.0432

23.0

221.8

120.5

16.47

0.6466

0.0438

24.0

224.0

119.3

16.55

0.6447

0.0443

25.0

226.1

118.1

16.62

0.6428

0.0448

26.0

228.1

117.0

16.70

0.6409

0.0453

27.0

230.1

115.9

16.77

0.6390

0.0457

28.0

232.0

114.9

16.84

0.6372

0.0462

29.0

233.9

114.0

16.90

0.6353

0.0467

30.0

235.7

113.0

16.97

0.6335

0.0472

31.0

237.5

112.1

17.03

0.6316

0.0476

32.0

239.2

111.3

17.10

0.6298

0.0481

33.0

240.9

110.4

17.16

0.6280

0.0486

34.0

242.6

109.6

17.22

0.6262

0.0490

Physical characteristics for water and steam according to IAPWS IF-971)
1) Source: (2008). IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam. In: International Steam Tables. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

Expansion steam

 
Berechnung

Equation for calculating the mass fraction of expansion steam

Equation for calculating the mass fraction of expansion steam

Example calculation for determining the mass fraction of expansion steam

x = [kJ/kg] – [kJ/kg] [kJ/kg] – [kJ/kg] = 6.86 %
 

x

Mass fraction of expansion steam [%]

h

Enthalpy [kJ/kg]

h'

Enthalpy of the boiling water [kJ/kg]

h''

Enthalpy of the saturated steam [kJ/kg]

r

Evaporation enthalpy [kJ/kg]

Pressure
before
expansion

[barg]

Medium
temperature

[°C]

Enthalpy


[kJ/kg]

Pressure
following
expansion

[barg]

Medium
temperature

[°C]

Enthalpy,
boiling
water

[kJ/kg]

Enthalpy,
saturated
steam

[kJ/kg]

Expansion
steam
quantity

[%]

215.0

918.7

184.4

781.7

2,779.7

6.86

Medium
temperature

[°C]

Enthalpy


[kJ/kg]

Pressure
following
expansion

[barg]

Medium
temperature

[°C]

Enthalpy,
boiling
water

[kJ/kg]

Enthalpy,
saturated
steam

[kJ/kg]

Expansion
steam
quantity

[%]

696.8

103.5

433.9

2,680.2

11.7