Pipework

Dimensions

Pipe wall thicknesses for welded flanges (EN 1092-1:2013-04)

valve _Ø	PN 2.5 Sp	PN 6 Sp	PN 10 Sp	PN 16 Sp	PN 25 Sp	PN 40 Sp	PN 63 Sp	PN 100 Sp
17.2	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
21.3	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
26.9	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.6
33.7	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
42.4	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.9
48.3	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.9	2.9
60.3	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.2
76.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.2	3.6
88.9	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.6	4.0
114.3	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	4.0	5.0
139.7	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.5	6.3
168.3	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	5.6	7.1
219.1	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	7.1	10.0
273.0	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	7.1	7.1	8.8	12.5
323.9	7.1	7.1	7.1	7.1	8.0	8.0	11.0	14.2
355.6	7.1	7.1	7.1	8.0	8.0	8.8	12.5	16.0
406.4	7.1	7.1	7.1	8.0	8.8	11.0	14.2
457	7.1	7.1	7.1	8.0	8.8	12.5
508	7.1	7.1	7.1	8.0	10.0	14.2
610	7.1	7.1	7.1	8.8	11.0	16.0
711	7.1	7.1	8.0	8.8	12.5
813	7.1	7.1	8.0	10.0	14.2
914	7.1	7.1	10.0	10.0	16.0
1,016	7.1	7.1	10.0	10.0	17.5
1,219	7.1	8.0	11.0	12.5
1,422	7.1	8.0	12.5	14.2
1,626	8.0	9.0	14.2	16.0

Excerpt from Table A.1 in EN 1092-1:2013-0 — wall thickness for type 11

A Ø	Outer diameter
Sp	Wall thickness
PN	Nominal pressure stage

Pressure and temperature ratings¹⁾

The pressure and temperature ratings of flanges is based on the material groups.
The following materials and groups are customary in the area of steam boilers:

Material group	Description	Material number
3E0	Unalloyed steels with guaranteed strength characteristics at higher temperatures	1.0352 P245 GH 1.0460 P250 GH
3E1	Unalloyed steels with defined characteristics up to 400°C, upper yield point > 265N/mm²	1.0426 P280 GH
4E0	Low alloy steels with 0.3% molybdenum	1.5415 16Mo3
12E0	Standard carbon content, stabilised with Ti or Nb	1.4541 X6CrNiTi18-10 1.4550 X6CrNiNb18-10 1.4941 X6CrNiTiB18-10
15E0	Standard carbon content, alloyed with molybdenum, stabilised with Ti or Nb	1.4571 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 1.4580 X6CrNiMoNb17-12-2

Pressure-temperature assignment

_{1) Source: EN 1092-1:2013-04 Table 9, G.2.2, G.3.2, Table D.1}

Notices regarding the following tables and diagrams:

In accordance with flange standard EN 1092-1:2013-04
Only the lower range and therefore the highest pressures are assumed as reference value for the thickness vR; lower permissible pressures PS may need to be used for larger flange dimensions and therefore thicker raw material
When using austenitic materials, differentiations are not only made in the material group, but also sometimes in the individual material. The standard materials are subsequently used:
- 12E0 > 1.4541
- 15E0 > 1.457
RT (room temperature) = – 10°C – +50°C
Linear interpolation between the table values is to be used
PN nominal pressure stage
PS permissible pressure [bar]
TS permissible temperature [°C]

PN10

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	460	470	480	490	500	510	520	530
PS [bar]	3E0	10.0	9.2	8.8	8.3	7.6	6.9	6.4	5.9	3.2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	3E1	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.7	8.8	8.0	7.3	4.0	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	4E0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.7	8.5	8.0	7.4	6.9	6.4	5.9	5.4	4.9	4.4	3.5	2.8	2.2

Excerpt from table G.2.1–3 – PN 10 for ferritic materials

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	500	550	560	570	580	590	600
PS [bar]	12E0	10.0	9.9	9.3	8.8	8.4	7.9	7.6	7.4	7.2	7.0	6.7	6.1	5.6	5.0	4.5	4.0
	15E0	10.0	10.0	9.8	9.3	8.8	8.3	8.0	7.8	7.6	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.3	6.7	6.0	5.5

Excerpt from table G.4.1–3 – PN 10 for austenitic materials

PN16

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	460	470	480	490	500	510	520	530
PS [bar]	3E0	16.0	14.8	14.0	13.3	12.1	11.0	10.2	9.5	5.2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	3E1	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	15.6	14.0	12.9	11.8	6.4	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	4E0	16.0	16.0	16.0	16.0	15.6	13.7	12.9	11.9	11.0	10.2	9.4	8.6	7.8	7.0	5.6	4.4	3.5

Excerpt from table G.2.1–4 – PN 16 for ferritic materials

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	500	550	560	570	580	590	600
PS [bar]	12E0	16.0	15.8	14.9	14.1	13.4	12.7	12.2	11.8	11.6	11.3	10.8	9.8	8.9	8.1	7.3	6.5
	15E0	16.0	16.0	15.6	14.9	14.1	13.3	12.8	12.4	12.2	12.0	11.9	11.8	11.7	10.7	9.7	8.8

Excerpt from table G.4.1–4 – PN 16 for austenitic materials

PN 25

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	460	470	480	490	500	510	520	530
PS [bar]	3E0	25.0	23.2	22.0	20.8	19.0	17.2	16.0	14.8	8.2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	3E1	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	24.4	22.0	20.2	18.4	10.1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	4E0	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0	24.4	21.4	20.2	18.6	17.2	16.0	14.7	13.5	12.3	11.0	8.8	7.0	5.5

Excerpt from table G.2.1–5 – PN 25 for ferritic materials

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	500	550	560	570	580	590	600
PS [bar]	12E0	25.0	24.7	23.3	22.1	21.0	19.8	19.1	18.5	18.1	17.7	16.9	15.3	14.0	12.7	11.4	10.2
	15E0	25.0	25.0	24.5	23.3	22.1	20.8	20.1	19.5	19.1	18.8	18.6	18.5	18.3	16.7	15.2	13.8

Excerpt from table G.4.1–5 – PN 25 for austenitic materials

PN 40

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	460	470	480	490	500	510	520	530
PS [bar]	3E0	40.0	37.1	35.2	33.3	30.4	27.6	25.7	23.8	13.1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	3E1	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	39.0	35.2	32.3	29.5	16.1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	4E0	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	39.0	34.2	32.3	29.9	27.6	25.6	23.6	21.6	19.7	17.7	14.0	11.2	8.9

Excerpt from table G.2.1–6 – PN 40 for ferritic materials

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	500	550	560	570	580	590	600
PS [bar]	12E0	40.0	39.6	37.3	35.4	33.7	31.8	30.6	29.7	29.0	28.3	27.0	24.5	22.4	20.3	18.2	16.3
	15E0	40.0	40.0	39.2	37.3	35.4	33.3	32.1	31.2	30.6	30.0	29.9	29.6	29.3	26.8	24.3	22.0

Excerpt from table G.4.1–6 – PN 40 for austenitic materials

PN 63

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	460	470	480	490	500	510	520	530
PS [bar]	3E0	63.0	58.5	55.5	52.5	48.0	43.5	40.5	37.5	20.7	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	3E1	63.0	63.0	63.0	63.0	61.5	55.5	51.0	46.5	25.5	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	4E0	63.0	63.0	63.0	63.0	61.5	54.0	51.0	47.1	43.5	40.3	37.2	34.1	31.0	27.9	22.2	17.7	14.1

Excerpt from table G.2.1–7 – PN 63 for ferritic materials

TS [°C]		RT	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	500	550	560	570	580	590	600
PS [bar]	12E0	63.0	62.4	58.8	55.8	53.1	50.1	48.3	46.8	45.7	44.7	42.6	38.7	35.4	32.1	28.8	25.8
	15E0	63.0	63.0	61.8	58.8	55.8	52.5	50.7	49.2	48.3	47.4	47.1	46.6	46.2	42.3	38.4	34.8

Excerpt from table G.4.1–7 – PN 63 for austenitic materials

Flow speed

Medium	Area of application	Recommended speed
Steam	0 –1 bar	20 – 25m/s
	1 – 40 bar	30 – 40m/s
Water	Suction line	0.4 (0.25 – 0.6) m/s
	Pressure line	2 (1.5 – 3) m/s
Condensate	Steam fraction	15 m/s
	Water fraction	2 m/s
Flue gas		16.5 m/s
Oil	Light fuel oil intake side	0.5 m/s
	Light oil discharge side	1 m/s
	Heavy fuel oil intake side	0.3 m/s
	Heavy fuel oil discharge side	0.5 m/s
Natural gas		No specifications Design via pressure loss

Standard design speeds (recommended speeds) for pipework sizing

Pressure loss – guide values for the pressure loss coefficient ζ

Shut-off valve, servovalve, butterfly valve

DN	Kvs value			Pressure loss coefficient ζ ¹⁾
	Shut-off valve	Servovalve	Butterfly valve	Shut-off valve	Servovalve	Butterfly valve
15	5.3	4	–	2.9	5.1	0.9
20	7.2	6.3	–	4.9	6.4	2.4
25	12	10	26	4.3	6.2	1.7
32	16	16	26.5	6.5	6.5	0.7
40	28.5	25	49.6	5	6.5	0.4
50	43	40	116	5.4	6.2	0.5
65	75	63	259	5.1	7.2	0.3
80	105	100	377	5.9	6.5	0.4
100	170	160	763	5.5	6.2	0.3
125	270	250	1,030	5.3	6.2	0.2
150	405	400	1,790	4.9	5.1	0.2
200	675	–	3,460	5.6	–	0.2
250	1,090	–	5,070	5.2	–	0.2
300	1,460	–	7,430	6.1	–	0.2
350	2,010	–	10,320	5.9	–	0.3
400	2,640	–	13,290	5.9	–	0.2

Shut-off valve, servovalve, butterfly valve
_{1) The pressure loss coefficient ζ is relative to the nominal diameter DN.}

Intermediate flange-type non-return valve, non-return valve, dirt trap

DN	Kvs value			Pressure loss coefficient ζ ¹⁾
	ZIntermediate flange-type non-return valve	Non-return valve	Dirt trap	Intermediate flange-type non-return valve	Non-return valve	Dirt trap
15	4.4	5.7	6.9	4.2	2.5	1.7
20	7.1	7.8	10.8	5.1	4.2	2.2
25	12	11.8	17.8	4.3	4.5	2.0
32	19.5	17.9	26.1	4.4	5.2	2.5
40	25	27.5	36.7	6.5	5.4	3.0
50	46	48	61	4.7	4.3	2.7
65	69	77.6	98.6	6.0	4.7	2.9
80	87	109	146	8.7	5.5	3.1
100	122	168	234	10.7	5.7	2.9
125	–	251	376	–	6.2	2.8
150	–	389	394	–	5.3	5.2
200	–	664	652	–	5.8	6.0
250	–	1,017	1,225	–	6.0	4.2
300	–	1,446	1,873	–	6.2	3.7
350	–	2,042	–	–	5.8	–
400	–	2,725	–	–	5.5	–
500	–	4,167	–	–	5.8	–

Intermediate flange-type non-return valve, non-return valve, dirt trap

_{1) The pressure loss coefficient ζ is relative to the nominal diameter DN.}

Pressure loss of water vapour and other gases

Pressure loss of water vapour and other gases with isothermal flow

with isothermal flow T₂ = T₁

p₁	Pressure upstream of the pipe section [Pa]
p ₂	Pressure downstream of the pipe section [Pa]
λ	Pipe friction coefficient
l	Length of pipe [m]
d	Diameter of pipe [m]
ζ	Pressure loss coefficient

For calculation of pressure loss up to consumer ζ =

+	ζ steam extraction	Tab. Shut-off valve, servovalve, butterfly valve
+	ζ extension/availability	as a rule following steam extraction
+	n elbow ∙ ζ elbow	Guide value ζ₉₀_°_elbow ≈ 0.5
+
+	ζ valves
+	ζ consumer inlet	if applicable (can be disregarded as a rule)

ρ	Density of flowing medium in kg/m³
u	Average speed at pipe inlet
T₁	Temperature of the medium at the pipe inlet
T₂	Temperature of the medium at the pipe inlet

The deviation compared to adiabatic flow can normally be disregarded.

Pressure loss of liquids

Conversion of Kv value, pressure loss coefficient ζ and flow coefficient Cv

Conversion of Kv value of a valve to the pressure loss coefficient ζ

Conversion of pressure loss coefficient ζ of a valve to the Kv valve

Conversion of Cv value (flow coefficient) in metric systems to the Kv value

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Pipework

Dimensions

Pressure and temperature ratings1)

Flow speed

Pressure loss – guide values for the pressure loss coefficient ζ

Pressure and temperature ratings¹⁾